The up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α), osteopontin, MCP-1, COX-2, IL-12, IL-1β and SREBP-1c mRNAs in this tissue of DS/obese rats was similarly attenuated by HK L-137 at either dose (Fig. 4F–K and N). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Dravet syndrome.