AFP and gastric cancer: Consistent with the frequent co-expression of pluripotency-related proteins in human AFP-producing gastric cancers, partial activation of ESC-Core and ESC-Myc modules was observed in AFP-, LIN28B-, and SALL4-expressing human gastric cancers (Fig. 6g and Supplementary Fig. 8D), while such activations were not obvious in ERBB2-highly expressed gastric cancers (n = 12) (Supplementary Fig. 8D), which recapitulated our observations of reprogramming-induced gastric cancers in KC-OSKM mice.