IntOGen analysis21,22 identified several known glioma-associated driver alterations (P < 0.05, n ≥ 2), including PTEN (32%), NF1 (24%), EGFR (28%), TP53 (24%), ATRX (20%), and BRAF (20%), as well as two novel candidate drivers, SMARCAL1 (16%) and PPM1D (8%) (Supplementary Data 6), both of which have not previously been implicated as drivers in adult supratentorial GBM. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and glioblastoma.