NES and glioblastoma: Indeed, exposure of glioblastoma stem-like cells to recombinant BMP7 in vitro increased SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation, inhibited cell proliferation, stimulated glioblastoma differentiation, decreased neurosphere formation and attenuated expression of the stem-like genes Nanog, SOX2, Nestin and Olig2 [95].