Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an almost complete absence of BAMBI protein in human NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) tissue compared to non-cancerous controls, corresponding with decreased mRNA levels, increased promoter hypermethylation and upregulation of the EMT genes N-cadherin, TWIST, MMP-9, osteopontin, and SOX4 [114]. The gene discussed is TWIST1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.