S100A8 and gastric cancer: Among individuals colonized with H. pylori, the risk of gastric cancer is higher in those who are colonized with H. pylori strains secreting proteins that cause alterations in host cells (such as the oncoprotein CagA translocated through a type IV secretion stystem, and s1/i1/m1 forms of the VacA toxin) than in those colonized with strains that lack CagA and produce other forms of VacA  (Cover, 2016; Hatakeyama, 2014).