In order to identify the signaling pathway that might contribute to cisplatin resistance observed in NP69-miR-449b and C666-1 cell lines, key proteins of well-established molecular pathways involved in NPC were investigated including the ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and PTEN/AKT pathways42. The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.