At later timepoints following infection (weeks 16 and 22), therapeutic immunization induced a significantly higher frequency of CD4+ T cells producing CD154, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α at 16 and 22 weeks post infection compared to RHZ-treated mice with ex vivo ID93 antigen stimulation (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and infection.