The redox modulator dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an approved treatment for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, induces recycling of intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pools, inhibits NFκB p65/RelA and activates NRF2—thereby overall promoting anti-oxidant responses in different cell types [64]. Here, RELA is linked to multiple sclerosis.