Moreover, when compared to healthy controls, over-expressed genes in neonates with prenatal TE predominantly related to non-canonical NF-κβ signaling (LTBR, TNDSF12, PSME2, PSMB1, PSMB8, BIRC2, BIRC3, SKP1) and several over-expressed prenatal PTSD genes were implicated in TNF-α signaling (NPAS, IKBG, TANK, BCL2L1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that ultimately activates canonical NF-κβ signaling. Here, TNF is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.