INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Taken together, our data suggest that hyperinsulinemia leads to obesity, hypertension, and IR, featuring MetS, but different from conventional spontaneous MetS in terms of lipid metabolism, as manifested by reduced rather than elevated blood concentrations of TG, TCh, and LDL-c, likely due to high insulin-stimulated uptake of lipids by peripheral tissues.