AKT1 and epilepsy: Two hubs, AKT1/2/3 part of the mTOR pathway (mutated in focal cortical dysplasia38) and ERK1/2 (also known as MAP kinases 1 and 2), are important regulators of synaptic excitability involved in epilepsy in animal models and human disease.39 Six other genes within the network, not found in these RE CNVs, are also epilepsy candidates, indicating the strength of this approach for finding disrupted gene pathways (figure 2).