TNF and neoplasm: In the work by Iida et al., mice bearing EL4 lymphoma, MC38 colon carcinoma and B16 melanoma were given intratumor CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in combination with an antibody against the interleukin-10 receptor: the combined treatment delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival, benefits which were related to enhanced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production from tumor-associated myeloid cells and to the activation of cytotoxic CD8 T cells.