Furthermore, within a subset of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, or urothelial cancer treated with anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy, those who were prescribed antibiotics (mainly beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones or macrolides) prior to or concomitant with the first immunotherapy injection showed significantly shorter progression-free survival and overall survival relative when compared to antibiotic-free patients [38, 85]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.