The aim was to study the effect of diabetic and CKD milieu on (a) GLO1 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells; (b) GLO1 protein levels in whole blood; and (c) GLO1 activity in RBCs in vivo in diabetic vs. non-diabetic subjects with normal or slightly reduced vs. considerably reduced renal function (CKD1-2 vs. CKD3-4). The gene discussed is GLO1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.