In view of the above, two not mutually exclusive scenarios can be considered to tentatively explain the molecular mechanisms underlying UCM 1037 antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines: UCM 1037 may directly down-regulate AR and p-Akt levels, or AR down-regulation may be triggered by inhibition of Akt activation. This evidence concerns the gene AR and prostate cancer.