To elucidate the molecular mechanism through which DARPP-32 proteins control NSCLC cell survival, we investigated Akt and extracellular signal–regulated kinase-1/2 (Erk1/2) signaling as both pathways have been previously implicated in DARPP-32-mediated regulation of cell survival12,18,21. Here, MAPK3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.