Experiments carried out in chronically infected cell lines and ATLL cells showed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIRT1 expression or treatment with sirtuin inhibitors results in apoptotic death, suggesting that SIRT1 is important for the survival of HTLV-1-transformed cells (Kozako et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2015). The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.