The clinical findings are also supported by animal studies suggesting that Mozart's K.448 can reduce seizure frequencies in rats (Lin et al., 2013), upregulates expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats (Xing et al., 2016a,b,c), reduces cognitive impairment in status epilepticus rats (Xing et al., 2016b), increases brain levels of dopamine in rats (Tasset et al., 2012), and modulates expression of several genes involved in neurotransmission in the hippocampus and the forebrain cortex in mice (Meng et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and Cognitive impairment.