TGFβ1 is up-regulated after CNS damage or in disease states that involve microglial activation, including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases (Lehrmann et al., 1998; Lively and Schlichter, 2012; Lively et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Taylor et al., 2017). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Stroke.