Nevertheless, a subset of familial and sporadic ALS cases involving FUS gene mutations have been shown to have cognitive dysfunction or mental retardation (Bäumer et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2010; Yan et al., 2010; Belzil et al., 2012; Yamashita et al., 2012). The gene discussed is FUS; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.