Given that the pro-proliferation function of KLF5, GCN5, and GDF15 has been confirmed, and the earlier stage of our study also found that KLF5, GCN5, GDF15, C5a and C5aR expression increased in NSCLC patients, how C5a triggers NSCLC cell proliferation and the expression of KLF5, GCN5, or GDF15, and what impact of KLF5, GCN5, or GDF15 on NSCLC cell proliferation in response to C5a and the corresponding mechanism need to be clarified. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.