IGF1 and pancreatic neoplasm: We found that virtually all aspects of pancreatic cancer biology were regulated by specific combinations of epigenetic marks and DNA methylation including the following: proliferation and apoptotic control (RB and TP53, other cell cycle checkpoints), major signaling pathways (ErbB, IGF, RAS, mammalian target of rapamycin, and transforming growth factor (TGF), among others), and cell adhesion molecules (such as cadherins and integrins).