INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder caused by pancreatic β-cells loss, while type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease which is caused by pancreatic β-cells dysfunction and insufficient insulin release in response to glucose in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle (glucose disposal), liver (glucose production), and adipose tissue (lipolysis) [3,4,5,6,7].