TNF and neoplasm: Other NF-κB-target genes encode tumor-promoting, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 (Interleukin 6); growth-stimulating cytokines and factors such as IL-2, GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), M-CSF and CD40L; cell-adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and stress response mediators such as iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase).