NFKB1 and cancer: Moreover, NF-κB seems to be involved in tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and acts in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), by promoting the expression of a proinflammatory gene signature, which is important for macrophage recruitment, neovascularization, and tumor growth, which are abolished when NF-κB is inhibited [48] This study shows that metformin has an antiproliferative effect related to changes in the expression of NRF-2/NF-κB pathways, as well as an apoptotic effect on human colon cancer cells.