IL4 and helminthiasis: Many of the stereotypic immune characteristics of a helminth infection including Th2 cells, hallmarked by their production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, regulatory Foxp3+ T cells producing TGF-β and IL-10, goblet hyperplasia, mucus production, mast cell activation and differentiation of M2 macrophages [12] occur in proximity to the worm infection.