Further, in the same mild CCI mouse model, altered dendritic spine density and marked dendritic beading and swelling were reported in the hippocampus.13 More recently, it was shown that, 24 h post-injury, dendritic spine loss could be detected both in the ipsi- and contralateral hemisphere.90 Alterations are persistent, given that changes in the cortical dendritic arbor have been reported at 4 months post-CCI.91 A significant decrease in the post-synaptic marker, PSD-95, has been reported post-CCI, at a time when animals displayed cognitive impairment.92 This evidence concerns the gene DLG4 and Cognitive impairment.