Among them, clinical indices of nutritional status referring to the ‘obesity paradox’ in patients with ESRD include serum albumin, serum creatinine, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), subjective global assessment (SGA), BMI, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), triceps skin fold (TSF), and LBM [19, 26]. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and obesity disorder.