EBNA-1 is overexpressed in NPC, inducing higher invasion and metastatic ability, as well as influencing EMT biomarkers (35, 36); EBNA1 regulates EMT through the de-regulation of SLUG, SNAIL, TCF8/ZEB1, vimentin, occludins-1, as well as E-cadherin, which are important genes associated with EMT (36). Here, ZEB1 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.