As afatinib treatment in NSCLC patients significantly improved progression free survival as compared to the standard platinum-based chemotherapy in two pivotal Phase III studies [8, 9], afatinib has been approved in the US in 2014 for the first-line treatment of NSCLC patients who have EGFR mutations that potentially may cause resistance to gefitinib and erlotinib treatment. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.