HIF1A and brain ischemia: Our observations extend beyond the current literature on EDA, which has mainly documented its pleiotropic therapeutic effect in ischemia/reperfusion injury in various organs by scavenging ROS [14], among which, a few studies on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury have related EDA to HIF-1α signaling, which suggests that EDA posttreatment represses HIF-1α in the neuron [15, 31].