ALK and anaplastic large cell lymphoma: In nucleophosmin-anaplastic large-cell lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), STAT3 is activated by NPM-ALK oncoprotein through JAK3 activation, binds physically to the PD-L1 gene promoter, and induces its expression in vitro and in vivo [51].