Following adjustment for age, BMI and ethnicity, MIP-1β and IL-2 were positively associated with ICC in patients with LD VMB (Fig. 6A), whereas IP-10, RANTES, Flt-3L, IL-4 and sCD40L were positively associated with ICC in patients with NLD VMB when compared to Ctrl HPV− (Fig. 6B). Here, CD40LG is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.