CCL5 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: We found that seven proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines: IL-36γ, TNFα, RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, IP-10; two hematopoietic cytokines: Flt-3L, GM-CSF; three adaptive immune cytokines: IL-2, IL-4, sCD40L, and an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, were significantly elevated in ICC, whereas the other immunoregulatory cytokine IL-1Ra was significantly reduced in ICC when compared to Ctrl HPV− (Fig. 5B).