In the subset of case patients who were diagnosed more than 1 year after blood collection, the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β in category 4 were still statistically significantly associated with a decreased risk of NPC compared with those in the reference category after adjustment for age, sex, salted fish consumption, family history, and EBNA1/IgA (MIP-1α: OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.82, Ptrend = 0.036; MIP-1β: OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.01–0.94, Ptrend = 0.047) (Table 4). Here, CCL3 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.