The levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β in the highest category were associated with a statistically significantly decreased risk of NPC compared with those in category 1, both in the case–control study (MIP-1α: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26–0.95; MIP-1β: OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.22–1.00) and in the nested case–control study (MIP-1α: OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.03–0.62; MIP-1β: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.04–0.94). The gene discussed is CCL3; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.