In addition to its role in tumor angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) restricts immune cell activity, and BEV has been demonstrated to facilitate recruitment of T cells to infiltrate tumors (Wallin et al., 2016), as well as increase the ratio of CD8+CD3+ T cells in adult GBM specimens (Scholz et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and glioblastoma.