TGFB1 and adenoma: For example, it was reported that IRX5 may regulate LNCaP prostate cancer cells apoptosis partially through p53 and cells cycle by mediating p21 levels17; In another study, IRX5 transcriptionally suppresses the Dpp/TGF‐β pathway in human adenomas, which excessively activates the Wnt and EGFR/Ras signalling pathways, thus conferring a growth advantage to tumour cells.16 This prompts us that IRX5 may be exploited as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of TSCC.15, 16, 17