LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Another Lepr-expressing neuronal population in the dorsomedial hypothalamus/dorsal hypothalamic area (DMH/DHA) is stimulated by ambient cold and leptin, and ablating Lepr in this area caused obesity in mice due to reduced energy expenditure without affecting food intake (Zhang et al., 2011; Rezai-Zadeh et al., 2014), revealing critical function of leptin signaling in the DMH/DHA on energy expenditure.