Finally, the upregulation of Ccl5 in HSCs from CDAHFD induced steatohepatitis in mice and early NASH in humans was further verified by immunofluorescence which showed co-localization of Ccl5 with Acta2, an activated HSC marker in the liver (Fig. 4A,B). Here, CCL5 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.