Lutzow et al. (2008) found PTX3 to be upregulated after Staphylococcus aureus infection, which is one of the main pathogens for mastitis. This gene has been reported in several studies for its role in innate immune response and regulation of inflammation (Lutzow et al., 2008; Brenaut et al., 2014). A review (Garlanda et al., 2016) on gene targeted mice and genetic associations in humans suggest that PTX3 plays an important role in resistance against different pathogens including Escherichia coli. The gene discussed is PTX3; the disease is staphylococcus aureus infection.