The pulmonary and autoimmune phenotypes were divided into four main groups: RF, pre-bleed ANA, and proteinuria (cluster a); ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and glomerulonephritis (cluster b); BALF protein and IL-6, and serum IgG, IgM, and anti-chromatin (cluster c); and lung pathology, BALF cell numbers, TGF-β, TNF-α, LDH activity, and antibodies to ENA5, Sm, and RNP (cluster d) (Figure 5B, vertical clustering). The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is glomerulonephritis.