It is well-recognised that 40–50 and 15% of cutaneous melanomas harbour activating mutations of BRAF and NRAS, respectively.5–9 Mutations in BRAF and NRAS oncogenes are associated with distinct phenotypic and histopathological characteristics.9–14 Melanomas harbouring these somatic mutations might be associated with differing tumour biology and behaviour. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is neoplasm.