Although there were no direct AZ304 effects on AKT and SRC kinases, it was reported that CSF1R promotes tumour cell proliferation by activating the downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR and SRC/STAT3 pathway.28, 30, 31 Therefore, reduction of these phosphorylated proteins may be dependent on the inhibitory effects of AZ304 on cellular epidermal receptors such as CSF1R. The gene discussed is SRC; the disease is neoplasm.