We co-transfected these six diabetes-specific, Polycomb-regulated ectopic transcription factors (ETFs) (Barx1, Hoxb7, Gata2, Pitx1, Twist1, and Zic1) into the β cell line Min6-B1 and tracked gene expression responses by scRNA-seq, using vectorless and GFP-transfected cells as controls (schematic Figure 6A). This evidence concerns the gene BARX1 and diabetes mellitus.