It is noteworthy that in the phase III KEYNOTE-023 trial, patients with advanced PD-L1-positive NSCLC who received pembrolizumab scored higher on the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core quality of life questionnaire than patients who underwent chemotherapy (6.9 [95% CI: 3.3–10.6] for pembrolizumab vs. − 0.9 [95% CI: 4.8–3.0] for chemotherapy) [47]. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.