As for the situation in autoimmune diseases, it is reported that miR-18a can be induced in synovial fibroblasts by TNF-α via nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis32, while the regulatory mechanism underlying in the expression of the whole miR-17-92 cluster in inflammatory conditions was not investigated before. Here, NFKB1 is linked to autoimmune disease.