CSF2 and neoplasm: Interestingly, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a purported ‘non-immunogenic’ neoplasm partially due to a complex microenvironment and low TILs, treated with irradiated, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting, allogeneic PDAC vaccine (GVAX) in an adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting demonstrated the conversion of a non-immunogenic tumor to immunogenic.