Indeed, elevated TNF levels are evident in many neurological disorders such as in affected areas in multiple sclerosis (MS, cf. Section 3.4.2), Alzheimer’s disease (AD, cf. Section 3.4.3), Parkinson’s disease (PD, cf. Section 3.4.4), stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.