MAP2K3 and colonic neoplasm: On the other hand, it is also reported that increased MKK3 levels are induced by mutant p53 transcriptional gain-of-function activity and contribute to growth in breast and colon tumor models [12,13]; moreover, targeting MKK3 triggers endop4lasmic reticulum stress and autophagic cell death promoting mutant p53 degradation and wild-type p53 stabilization [12].