The small sample size further limited our capacity to analyse the results based on the HIV status of the patients, since it has been described that HIV infection is associated with a lower incidence of pericardial constriction in patients with presumed tuberculous pericarditis [12], and IL-13-secreting CD4 T cells, which are reduced by HIV, regulate fibrogenesis directly, through stimulating collagen synthesis by fibroblasts and indirectly by promoting TGF-beta1 production by macrophages [13]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is pericardial tuberculosis.