Furthermore, XSECC treatment markedly attenuated CCH-induced increase in the level of phospho-CRMP2, but increased the expression of phosphorylated AKT and GSK-3β, indicating that XSECC had ability to activate AKT signaling pathway, which might, at least partially, contribute to the effect of promoting neurite outgrowth of XSECC following CCH. Here, AKT1 is linked to columnar cell hyperplasia of the breast.