In our studies, we observed that after a short-term exposure to LR, there is a striking upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), which encode major inflammatory cytokines that play crucial and multiple roles in the CNS33, including neurodevelopment with possible clinical implications such as impairment of neurogenesis34, development of childhood-onset mood disorders35, or major depressive disorders36. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Childhood onset.